Lockheed martin f -35 lightning ii is an american family of single-seat, single-engine, https://keycodesoftware.com/ all-weather stealth multi-role combat aircraft designed both for gaining dominance over the ground, as well as for strike missions. It can also provide electronic warfare and intelligence, security and reconnaissance capabilities. Lockheed martin is the prime contractor for the f-35 along with major partners northrop grumman and bae systems. The aircraft has three acceptable options: conventional takeoff and landing (ctol) f-35a, short takeoff and landing (stovl) f-35b and carrier-based (cv/catobar) f-35c. / >The aircraft is a derivative of the lockheed martin x-35, which in 2001 defeated the boeing x-32 to win the joint strike fighter (jsf) program. Its development is typically funded by the united states with additional funding from partner countries, programmatic nato and visiting us allies including the uk, australia, canada, italy, norway, denmark, the netherlands and the former turkey. 6][7] several other countries have also ordered or are considering ordering this aircraft. The program has received a fair amount of attention and film criticism due to its unprecedented size, complexity, bloat costs, and massive delivery delays. Costly design corrections and upgrades. Force f-35a by september 2016 and f-35c by the us navy in late winter 2019[1-2][3] the aircraft was first used in combat by the israeli air force last year.[12] the us plans to buy 2456 f-35s by 2044, which will make up the bulk of the us air force, wms and marine corps manned tactical aircraft for a couple of decades; it is planned that this aircraft will become the cornerstone of the air forces of nato and allies in the united states and will be operated until 2070.[13][14] Origin of the program[edit] The f-35 was a product of the joint strike fighter (jsf) program, which was a fusion of various combat aircraft programs from the 1980s and 1990s. The precursor program was the advanced short take-off/vertical landing (astovl) program of the defense advanced research projects agency (darpa), which ran from 1983 to 1994; astovl sought to develop a replacement for the harrier jumpjet for the united states marine corps (usmc) and the british royal navy. Within one of astovl's secret programs, the stovl supersonic fighter (ssf), lockheed skunk works conducted a study of the stovl stealth supersonic fighter, intended both for the us air force (usaf), but also for the us marine corps; the key technology explored was the shaft driven lift fan (sdlf) system. The lockheed concept was a single-engine triangular canard weighing around 24,000 pounds (11,000 kg) unloaded. Astovl was renamed common affordable lightweight fighter (calf) in 1993 and featured lockheed, mcdonnell douglas and boeing in this section. ) Appeared after the cancellation of the us air force multirole fighter (mrf) and us navy (usn) advanced fighter-attack (a / f-x) programs. Mrf, a program for an affordable replacement for the f-16, was scaled back and delayed because the post-cold war state of defense made it easier to use the f-16 fleet and thus extended its service life, as well as increased budgetary pressure from the f-22 advanced. Program "tactical fighter" (atf). A/fx, originally known as advanced-attack (ax), began in 1991 as a continuation of the usn advanced tactical aircraft (ata) program to replace the a-6; the resulting ata a-12 avenger ii was canceled due to technical problems and cost overruns in 1991. 14, which resulted in the addition of other fighter functions to ax, which was then renamed a/f-x. Under circumstances of increased budgetary pressure, the department of defense (dod) conducted a bottom-up review (bur) in september 1993, announcing the emergence of mrf and a/fx, taking into account the necessary experience applied to the emerging jast program. Jast was not intended to create a new aircraft, but rather to produce requirements, proven innovations, and demonstrate front-line strike warfare concepts. By 1996, coinciding with the astovl/calf full scale demonstration flight phase. Because the astovl/calf concept seemed to fit the charter of jast, the two programs were eventually merged in 1994 under the name jast, and the program now serves the us air force, us marine corps, and usn.[17] jast was soon renamed joint strike fighter (jsf) in 1995, once stovl received offers from mcdonnell douglas, northrop grumman, lockheed martin, [n 2] and boeing. The jsf was expected to eventually replace the large number of multirole and strike fighters in the us allied inventory, including the harrier, f-16, f/a-18, a-10 and f-117.18] International participation is a major aspect of the jsf program, starting from the uk's participation in the astovl program. Many international partners in need of modernizing their air forces have taken an interest in jsf. The uk endorsed jast/jsf as a founding member in 1995, and in doing so, became the sole level 1 partner of the jsf program;[19] italy, the netherlands, denmark, norway, canada, australia and turkey may qualify for the program during conception. Demonstration phase (cdp): italy and the netherlands are tier 2 partners and the rest are tier 3 partners. Therefore, the aircraft is formed in working with international partners and is open for export.[20] Competition jsf team mcdonnell douglas has been eliminated and northrop grumman and british aerospace are now part of the lockheed martin team. Each company will produce two prototype aircraft to display conventional takeoff and landing (ctol), carrier takeoff and landing (cv) and stovl. [N 3] the lockheed martin build will use work done on the sdlf system done in astovl mode. /Program calf. An important aspect of the x-35 that allowed the use of the stovl, the sdlf system included a lift fan in the forward center fuselage which was easily activated by engaging a clutch connecting the driveshaft to the turbines and similar, increasing thrust from the engine swivel. Nozzle. Studies of previous aircraft with similar systems were also taken into account, including the convair model 200, [n 4] rockwell xfv-12 and the yakovlev yak-141. In contrast, the boeing x-32 used a direct lift system to which the boosted turbofan engine had to be reconfigured in partnership with stovl. And a 2d thrust-vectoring tail nozzle for the ctol. [N 5] this would make it possible to provide an identical aerodynamic configuration for the stovl and ctol variants, at that time, for example, the cv would have an increased wing to reduce landing speed for an aircraft carrier. Restoration.[25] due to aerodynamics and carrier recovery requirements following the merger jast, the design configuration settled on a home tail versus astovl/calf's canard design; in particular, the conventional tail configuration offers a much lower risk of carrier ejection compared to the astovl/calf canard configuration, which was conceived without regard to carrier compatibility. This gave greater commonality between all three methods, as the goal of commonality was important at this design stage.[25] lockheed martin prototypes will consist of x-35a to show ctol before it is converted to x-35b to show stovl and x-35c with wide wing to show cv compatibility.[26] X- 35a first entered the atmosphere on 24 october 2000 and conducted flight tests for subsonic and supersonic performance, handling, range and maneuverability. After 28 flights, the aircraft was converted to x-35b for stovl testing with leading changes including the addition of sdlf, tricycle swivel module (3bsm) and roll control channels. The x-35b will successfully demonstrate the sdlf system by performing a stable hover, vertical landing and short takeoff at less than 500 feet (150 m). The x-35c first flew on december 16, 2000 and conducted practical field tests. (Sdd) contract; pratt
The Nebula is a PHP-Fusion 9's first FusionTheme Theme Framework made offering many content elements, styles and features and to better understand and learn to build content using the PHP-Fusion 9, without coding.
Recent News
About Us
PHP-Fusion is a lightweight open source content management system (CMS) written in PHP.